Principle and routine operation of laser assisted periodontal surgery / 中华口腔医学杂志

Periodontitis is one of the most common infectious oral diseases, which can cause destruction of periodontal supporting tissues and even tooth mobility and loss. Controlling infection, eliminating inflammation, restoring the physiological shape of periodontal tissues, and meeting functional and aesthetic needs are the main goals of periodontal treatment. When periodontitis develops to a more severe stage, surgical treatment is necessary to handle soft and hard tissues for good treatment results. Since the development of the first Nd:YAG laser dedicated to dental medicine by Myers in 1990, over 30 years of clinical and basic research have shown that lasers have tremendous potential in assisting periodontal surgery. This article summarizes the principles and operational routines of laser-assisted periodontal surgery, aiming to provide clinical reference for diagnosis and treatment.

Antiplatelet and myocardial protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled trial / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity could be partially explained by loss-of-function alleles of CYP2C19, the enzyme that converts clopidogrel into its active form. Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill (STDP) is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat angina pectoris. STDP has been shown to improve blood flow in patients with slow coronary flow and attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. However, whether STDP can affect platelet function remains unknown.@*OBJECTIVE@#The purpose of this study is to examine the potential effects of STDP on platelet function in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for unstable angina. The interaction between the effects of STDP with polymorphisms of CYP2C19 was also investigated.@*DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION@#This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing elective PCI for unstable angina. Eligible subjects were randomized to receive STDP (210 mg per day) plus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin or DAPT alone.@*MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES@#The primary outcome was platelet function, reflected by adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and platelet microparticles (PMPs). The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including recurrent ischemia or myocardial infarction, repeat PCI and cardiac death; blood biomarkers for myocardial injury including creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI); and biomarkers for inflammation including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and galectin-3.@*RESULTS@#A total of 118 subjects (mean age: [66.8 ± 8.9] years; male: 59.8%) were included into analysis: 58 in the control group and 60 in the STDP group. CYP2C19 genotype distribution was comparable between the 2 groups. In comparison to the control group, the STDP group had significantly lower CK-MB (P < 0.05) but similar hsTnI (P > 0.05) at 24 h after PCI, lower ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and galectin-3 at 3 months (all P < 0.05) but not at 7 days after PCI (P > 0.05). At 3 months, the STDP group had lower PMP number ([42.9 ± 37.3] vs. [67.8 ± 53.1] counts/μL in the control group, P = 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that STDP increased percentage inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation only in slow metabolizers (66.0% ± 20.8% in STDP group vs. 36.0% ± 28.1% in the control group, P < 0.05), but not in intermediate or fast metabolizers. The rate of MACEs during the 3-month follow-up did not differ between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#STDP produced antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Subgroup analysis indicated that STDP inhibited residual platelet reactivity in slow metabolizers only.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#This study was registered on www.chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR-IPR-16009785.

Treatment strategy for pregnancy epulis / 华西口腔医学杂志

Pregnancy epulis is a tumor-like lesion with high prevalence in China. The local lesion, the general condition of the pregnant patient, and the complications during treatment should be taken into consideration when making a treatment plan for pregnancy epulis. In this study, three representative pregnancy epulis cases were presented, and related studies at home and aboard were reviewed to summarize the etiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pregnancy epulis and share the clinical experience in the treatment of pregnancy epulis.

Acupuncture prescriptions and regularity of acupoints matching in / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the acupuncture prescriptions and regularity of acupoints matching in (').@*METHODS@#Based on the manual retrieval of articles regarding acupuncture prescriptions in an acupuncture prescriptions database of was constructed. The frequency analysis was used to analyze the acupuncture prescriptions and regularity of acupoints matching from 8 aspects: prescriptions of single acupoint/acupoints combination, specific acupoints, principles of acupoint selection, acupoint matching methods, symptoms/diseases, names and classifications of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, acute/chronic diseases, local symptom/systemic symptom.@*RESULTS@#A total of 146 acupuncture prescriptions were obtained, including 76 prescriptions for single acupoint and 70 prescriptions for acupoints combination. The single-point prescription mostly involved specific acupoints, especially five- acupoints and crossing acupoint; acupoints were mainly selected in five- acupoints, and distant acupoint selection was the first choice for single-point prescription. The prescription of acupoints combination mostly involved combination of specific acupoints, especially five- acupoint combined with five- acupoint, and distant acupoint selection was the first choice for acupoints combination prescription; the acupoints combination prescription was mainly based on left-right acupoint matching method and same-meridian acupoint matching method. The single-acupoint prescription was applied for diseases of 4 systems, involving 61 diseases; acupoints combination prescription was applied for diseases of 3 systems, involving 47 diseases. The single-acupoint and acupoints combination prescriptions were mainly used to treat internal medical diseases. The single-acupoint prescriptions were used for patients with multiple symptoms, fewer diseases, more acute diseases and more local symptoms; acupoints combination prescriptions were used for patients with more diseases, fewer symptoms, more chronic diseases and more systemic symptoms.@*CONCLUSION@#The acupuncture prescriptions in are mostly based on distant acupoints, and most of them are single acupoint prescriptions. In multi-acupoint prescriptions, the combination of five- acupoints are mostly used, especially left-right acupoint matching method and same-meridian acupoint matching method. Single acupoint is used to treat acute and local symptoms, and multi-acupoint is used to treat chronic and systemic diseases.

Relationship of orthodontic treatment and periodontal hard tissue health / 华西口腔医学杂志

Periodontal tissue, especially the alveolar bone, are closely associated with the progress and efficacy of orthodontic treatment. Prior to and during orthodontic treatment, dentists should fully evaluate the status of periodontal hard tissues to prevent clinical problems. This article aims to discuss bone issues associated with orthodontic treatment, including gingival papilla absence, alveolar bone insufficiency, excessive cortical resistance, and altered passive eruption, etc. The mechanism and prevention methods of these problems are also described.

Small-class teaching in chemical biology / 基础医学与临床

Chemical biology is a new discipline developed in recent years, which is originated from chemistry and function as a coure to bridge medicine and biology. Chemical biology courses in Peking Union Medical College for the graduate students use the small-class teaching mode, penetrate case discussion into theory. This paper analyzes the present situation of chemical biology's course development, and summarizes the characteristics of the small-class teaching mode, as well as the practical experience of small-class teaching in the chemical biology course.

Periodontal status assessment before orthodontic treatment and opportune moment selection for orthodontic treatment / 华西口腔医学杂志

The aesthetic demands of teeth by the public have improved with the increase in the living standard. Orthodontics, which is a method of aesthetic dentistry, is becoming increasingly important. Orthodontic treatment mainly involves the application of orthodontic force to the teeth and guides the reconstruction of the periodontal tissue, thereby changing the position of the teeth at the occlusal bone. Orthodontic treatment can also improve the dental occlusion caused by dentition crowding and teeth mobility to achieve long-term stability of periodontal tissue. The number of patients with periodontal disease is high in China, and the number of patients with periodontal disease that are eager to receive orthodontic treatment is increasing. Hence, the periodontal status during the orthodontic therapy should be explored along with periodontal therapy and orthodontic treatment. This article briefly demonstrates the assessment criteria of periodontal status before orthodontic treatment, the opportune moment selection for orthodontic treatment, and the supportive periodontal therapy. This study helps dentists develop individualized treatment programs and win a balanced, stable, and aesthetic impression.

Relationship of orthodontic treatment and periodontal soft tissue health / 华西口腔医学杂志

With the increasing number of the orthodontic patients, the relationship between periodontal and orthodontic becomes increasingly close. Orthodontic treatment can improve periodontal status, but the adverse clinical problems of periodontal tissue during orthodontic treatment are relatively common. In this paper, we discuss the problems of soft tissue, including causes, prevention, and treatment of gingivitis, gingival enlargement, gingival recession, and gingival invagination in orthodontic treatment.

Chemical constituents from roots of Pieris formosa and their bioactivity / 中国中药杂志

By the means of chromatographic methods and spectroscopic evidences, 7 diterpenoids were isolated and identified from the roots of Pieris formosa. These known compounds are elucidated as secorhodomollolide C(1), pierisoid B (2), secorhodomollolide B (3), secorhodomollolide A (4), pierisformotoxin G (5), pierisformotoxin B (6) and pierisformotoxin A (7). Compounds 3, 4 were obtained from this plant for the first time. The analgesic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated using an acetic acidinduced writhing test in mice. Compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited significant analgesic activity at 5 mg·kg;⁻ (ip) compared to vehicle-injected mice (<0.05). The writhe inhibition rates of compounds 3, 4, 6 and 7 at 5 mg·kg⁻¹ (ip) were 41.3%, 39.4%, 38.6% and 37.5%, respectively.

Effects of Porphyromnonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the expression of RANTES and fractalkine in human urnbilical vein endothelial cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A study was conducted to investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the expression of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and fractalkine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HUVECs were incubated with different concentrations of Pg-LPS (200, 500, and 1000 ng x mL(-1)) for 1, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Then real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA) were adopted to detect the protein levels and mRNA levels of RANTES and fractalkine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The RANTES protein levels and mRNA levels, as well as fractalkine mRNA levels, were significantly higher in all experimental groups of 1, 6, and 12 h than in the control group (P<0.05), except the expression of RANTES mRNA in 200 ng x mL(-1) group of 12 h and RANTES protein in 200 ng x mL(-1) group of 1 h. The expression levels of RANTES mRNA and fractalkine mRNA were highest in 1000 ng x mL(-1) group of 6 h and were 4.88- and 6.20-fold higher, respectively, than those in the control group. The expression levels of RANTES protein, mRNA, and fractalkine mRNA decreased 6 h after stimulation, and were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) in the RANTES and fractalkine in HUVEC, and such expression is important in the development of atherosclerosis 500 ng x mL(-1) group of 24 h. There was a significant difference between the expression of fractalkine mRNA in 1000 ng x mL(-1) group of 6 and 12 h than in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pg-LPS infection might up-regulate the expression of RANTES and fractalkine in HUVEC, and such expression is important in the development of atherosclerosis.</p>

Characteristics and risk factors of lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the features and risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 99 patients with colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm treated between January 2009 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.Comparisons of categorical data and univariate analysis of risk factors of lymph node metastasis were conducted.Results Of the 99 patients,the rate of regional lymph node metastasis was 30.3％ (30/99)with 56.7％ limited to para-intestinal lymph nodes in 17 cases,26.7％ limited to mesenteric lymph nodes in 8 cases,and 16.7％ limited to mesenteric root central lymph nodes in 5 cases.No metastasis exceeding central lymph nodes was observed.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel and pathological grading were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm with larger tumor size,invasion of lymphatic vessel or higher grade (G2,G3) has high risk of regional lymph node metastasis.

Application of Nd:YAG laser in stomatology / 华西口腔医学杂志

Developments in science and technology include the use of laser as an auxiliary device in treating oral diseases. Nd:YAG laser is convenient and safe to use. Nd:YAG laser irradiation leaves no scabby area on the wound surface, causes a mild reaction postoperation, and promotes high comfort. Therefore, this treatment has attracted increasing attention in the clinical setting. This review enumerates the applications of water-cooled pulsed Nd:YAG laser in hard and soft tissues in oral medicine. Nd:YAG laser in hard tissues can be applied in cavity preparation, acid etching, root canal preparation and sterilization, and dentin desensitization therapy. Meanwhile, the applications of this laser in soft tissues include adjunctive therapy in basic periodontitis treatment, gingival aesthetic treatment, and resection. This review suggests the importance of Nd:YAG laser as an auxiliary device in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases.

A review on microRNAs regulation in osteoclast differentiation and function / 华西口腔医学杂志

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that contain 22 to 25 nucleotides and play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. MiRNAs are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cancer development. Alveolar bone resorption is the main clinical manifestation of periodontitis. Osteoclasts are unique cells regulated by osteoblasts and inflammatory cytokines and are responsible for bone resorption in periodontitis. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as an important regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function. In this study, we review the recent research progress on the effects of miRNAs on osteoclast differentiation and function, particularly the mechanisms of miRNAs-mediated osteoclast formation and bone loss in periodontitis.

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro Permeation Behaviors of the Ethosome Gels of Testosterone and Its Es-ters / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare in vivo and in vitro permeation behaviors of the ethosome gels of testosterone,testoster-one propionate and testosterone undecanoate. METHODS:The ethosome gels of testosterone,testosterone propionate and testoster-one undecanoate were prepared. With cumulative permeating amount and permeation rate as the indexes,Franz diffusion cell and HPLC were employed to compare in vitro permeation behaviors of 3 kinds of ethosome gels in mouse skin. With testosterone patch as the positive control drug, electrochemistry method was adopted to detect the concentration of testosterone in plasma 0,3,6, 9,12,24,36 and 48 h after applying such 3 kinds of ethosome gels on the back of rats,and then pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 2.0 software. RESULTS:24 h cumulative permeating amounts of the ethosome gels of testosterone,tes-tosterone propionate and testosterone undecanoate were(234.31±13.8),(175.63±41.1)and(72.60±15.3)μg/cm2,and the per-meation rates were(10.25±1.9),(7.64±1.4)and(2.96±0.8)μg/(cm2·h),respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the above-mentioned three kinds of ethosome gels and the positive control drug were respectively as follows as cmax of(20.19±2.57), (17.50±2.91),(0.23±0.04),(14.97±2.12)ng/ml,t1/2Ka of(2.80±0.45),(3.36±0.59),(4.02±0.62),(4.20±0.71)h,AUC0-48 h of(13.85±1.96),(13.93±2.13),(0.35±0.07),(11.76±2.31)ng·h/ml. CONCLUSIONS:in vivo and in vitro permeation behav-iors of the ethosome gels of testosterone and testosterone propionate are fairly good.

Microsurgery for root coverage: a systematic review

To evaluate whether microsurgery gains better result in root coverage compared to conventional surgical techniques. A number of databases were searched to identify eligible studies from January 1992 to January 2015. The following outcomes were evaluated: number of sites exhibiting complete root coverage and patients' esthetic satisfaction. Four Randomized Clinical Trials [RCTs] fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A pooled estimate from the two RCTs regarding sub-epithelial connective tissue grafts [SCTG] showed significant achievement in complete root coverage in the microsurgical group [relative risk [RR]:1.63; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.12 to 2.36; P=0.01] with acceptable heterogeneity. The other two studies were about coronal advanced flap [CAP] with enamel matrix derivative or free rotated papilla autograft and did not qualify for meta-analysis. Patients' esthetic satisfaction was analyzed only by one study. Using microsurgical technique for treating gingival recessions may be effective in achieving complete root coverage for SCTG

Study on preparation of testosterone undecanoate ethosomes and its in vitro transdermal penetration / 中国中药杂志

Ethosomes, as a new vector for transdermal drug delivery, could obviously improve the transdermal penetration of drugs. In this study, we prepared testosterone undecanoate ethosomes, with TU ethosomes as the basic remedy, to determine its appearance, particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE) and membrane fluidity. Meanwhile, a transdermal test was conducted in mice, in order to determine the permeability characteristics of ethosomes as a vector for transdermal drug delivery, and compare transdermal behaviors of TU ethosomes, liposomes and their ethanol solutions.

Interpretation and Use of Natriuretic Peptides in Non-Congestive Heart Failure Settings

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have been found to be useful markers in differentiating acute dyspneic patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) and emerged as potent prognostic markers for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The best-established and widely used clinical application of BNP and NT-proBNP testing is for the emergent diagnosis of CHF in patients presenting with acute dyspnea. Nevertheless, elevated NPs levels can be found in many circumstances involving left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or hypertrophy; right ventricular (RV) dysfunction secondary to pulmonary diseases; cardiac inflammatory or infectious diseases; endocrinology diseases and high output status without decreased LV ejection fraction. Even in the absence of significant clinical evidence of volume overload or LV dysfunction, markedly elevated NP levels can be found in patients with multiple comorbidities with a certain degree of prognostic value. Potential clinical applications of NPs are expanded accompanied by emerging reports regarding screening the presence of secondary cardiac dysfunction; monitoring the therapeutic responses, risk stratifications and providing prognostic values in many settings. Clinicians need to have expanded knowledge regarding the interpretation of elevated NPs levels and potential clinical applications of NPs. Clinicians should recognize that currently the only reasonable application for routine practice is limited to differentiation of acute dyspnea, rule-out-diagnostic-tests, monitoring of therapeutic responses and prognosis of acute or decompensated CHF. The rationales as well the potential applications of NPs in these settings are discussed in this review article.

Relationship between C-reactive protein gene polymorphaisms and chronic periodontitis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) + 1444C/T, CRP+1059G/C polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Han Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical periodontal parameters [attachment loss (AL) probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP)], and serum CRP levels were examined in CP patients (n = 126) and healthy subjects (n = 113).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean serum CRP level [(1.74 ± 1.67) mg/L] was significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group [(0.57 ± 0.39) mg/L], P < 0.001. In the control group, serum CRP levels were significantly lower in subjects with the CRP +1059 GC and CC genotypes than those with the CRP +1059 GG genotype (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between genotypes in the CP group. In CP and the control groups, serum CRP levels were significantly higher in subjects with the CRP + 1444 CT and TT genotypes compared to those with the CRP + 1444 CC genotype (P < 0.5). The percentage of CRP + 1059 C allele was 6.7% (17/252) in the CP group and 4.9% (11/226) in the control group. The percentage of CRP + 1444 T allele was 6.3% (16/252) in the CP group and 5.3% (12/226) in the control group (P > 0.5). There was no significant difference between groups in both allele frequencies (P > 0.5). The association of CRP + 1059G/C, CRP + 1444 C/T polymorphisms with CP was not found in a regression model (P > 0.5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The presence of a CRP + 1059C-allele was associated with lower serum CRP levels and the presence of a CRP + 1444T-allele was associated with higher serum CRP levels. However, the data suggested that CRP + 1059G/C, CRP + 1444 C/T polymorphisms were not significantly associated with serum CRP levels of chronic periodontitis patients in ethnic Han Chinese.</p>

Comparative study on the ability of adhesion and invasion of different fimA genetypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the ability of adhesion and invasion to epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) strains with different fimA separated from Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured method and antibiotic protection method were used to determine the adhesive and invasive ability of Pg with different fimA genetypes. The adhesion was observed by scanning electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the strains adhered and invaded to KB cells, and the adhesion rate ranged from 0.523% to 37.125% and invasive rate from 0.017% to 3.750%.The adhesive and invasive ability among different fimA genotypes showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is no significant correlation between fimA genotype and ability in adhesion and invasion to KB cells.</p>

Differential proteins analysis among human nasal inverted papilloma and nasal polyposis and normal nasal mucosa / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Proteomics-based approach was applied to analyze and compare the difference of proteins among human nasal inverted papilloma (NIP), nasal polyposis and normal nasal mucosa, in order to screen different proteins as marker.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The total proteins of NIP, nasal polyposis and normal nasal mucosa were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Protein image obtained by using the gel of Calibrated GS-800 Densitometer system, and determined different protein spots.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six differential proteins between NIP and nasal polyp tissue were identified, which were galectin-1, Manganese-superoxide dismutase, galectin-7, trichostatin A, prohibitin and transferring. All of them were increased in NIP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Six differential proteins were possibly involved in NIP, which provided a new way for discriminating NIP from nasal polyposis. The data would be good for the establishment of NIP protein 2-DE map.</p>